"Insights of Pharmatech" (ISSN: 3107-9091) is the official journal of the Amepurva Forum, dedicated to publishing peer-reviewed, high-quality research articles, reviews, conference proceedings, and case studies across diverse fields within pharmaceutical sciences. It covers essential topics such as medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, biotechnology, regulatory affairs, quality control, and toxicology. As a platform for innovative research and practical applications, Insights of Pharmatech aims to drive advancements in drug discovery, formulation science, natural product research, and therapeutic development. Committed to fostering collaboration among scientists, industry experts, and regulatory professionals, Insights of Pharmatech supports the development of safe, effective, and high-quality therapeutic solutions to meet global health needs. Title Insights of Pharmatech Frequency Quarterly ISSN To be updated Publisher Amepurva Forum Chief Editor Dr. Amol A. Kulkarni Copyright Insights of Pharmatech Starting Year 2025 Subject Pharmacy and medicine Language English Publication Format Online Email Id amepurvapub@gmail.com Mobile No. +91-9762115773 Website https://amepurvapub.com/ Address Insights of Pharmatech
Formulation and Evaluation of Fluticasone Furoate and Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride Nasal Spray for treatment of Allergic rhinitis
The aim of this study was to develop and assess a nasal delivery system containing Fluticasone furoate and oxymetazoline hydrochloride for treating allergic rhinitis. A colloidal dispersion of fluticasone furoate and oxymetazoline hydrochloride was utilized for the nasal drug delivery system, with Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) included as a preservative. The final formulation incorporated citric acid as an acid-modifying agent, sodium citrate as a buffering agent, polysorbate 80 as a surfactant, and MCC and CMC (Avicel 591) as viscosity-modifying agents. The formulation underwent evaluation for various parameters including pH, clarity, viscosity, drug content, spray content uniformity, pump delivery, spray pattern, plume geometry, droplet size distribution, priming, and repriming. Spray content uniformity ranged from 85% to 115%, while the pH was between 4 and 6. The spray pattern had an ovality of 1.121, with a perimeter of 113.42 mm and an area of 9.671 mm². The plume geometry had a mean spray angle of 59.0°, Plume Width 67.83 mm and Plume Length: 60 mm. The repriming efficiency varied between 83.9% and 100.1%, indicating satisfactory performance. Droplet size distribution was found to be between 25 and 30 µm. The formulation, along with its container, was tested for stability under accelerated conditions for up to three months. The results suggest that this formulation is a viable option for allergic rhinitis treatment, demonstrating comparable performance to existing marketed products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Viraj Shinde, Sakshi Kumbhar, Vaibhav Shinde, hreenivas Bhope, Pramod Kolusare, Ashwin Mali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Reimagining Pharmaceutical Education in the Digital Health Era
Pharmaceutical education is undergoing a significant transformation as healthcare systems worldwide adapt to rapid technological advancement and changing patient needs. Traditional pharmacy curricula, once heavily focused on drug formulation and theoretical knowledge, are now being challenged to produce graduates who are clinically competent, digitally literate, and capable of participating in multidisciplinary healthcare teams. This shift has made educational reform not just desirable, but essential for the future relevance of the pharmacy profession. One of the most influential developments in recent years is the integration of digital technologies into pharmacy education. Tools such as virtual simulations, artificial intelligence–assisted learning platforms, and electronic health record training environments are redefining how students acquire clinical skills. These innovations allow learners to practice decisionmaking in safe, controlled settings while gaining exposure to real-world scenarios. When used effectively, technology enhances critical thinking, improves student engagement, and bridges the gap between classroom learning and clinical practice. Equally important is the growing emphasis on competency-based education. Modern pharmaceutical practice demands more than academic excellence; it requires communication skills, ethical reasoning, patient counseling abilities, and interprofessional collaboration. Educational institutions are increasingly shifting toward outcome-based models that assess what students can do rather than what they can recall. This approach aligns pharmacy education with real healthcare expectations and improves graduate readiness for professional roles. Another emerging priority is the need for curricular content that reflects contemporary healthcare challenges. Topics such as personalized medicine, pharmacovigilance, digital therapeutics, and public health preparedness are becoming central to pharmacy practice. Updating curricula to include these areas ensures that future pharmacists remain relevant contributors to patient care and healthcare innovation. However, implementing such changes requires faculty development, institutional support, and alignment with regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, pharmaceutical education stands at a critical crossroads. Embracing digital innovation, competency-based learning, and curriculum modernization is no longer optional it is fundamental to sustaining the profession’s role in evolving healthcare systems. Institutions that proactively adapt will not only enhance educational quality but also empower future pharmacists to deliver safer, smarter, and more patient-centered care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Prerana Badrinath Jadhav (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Radiogenomics in Sarcoma: Linking Imaging Features with Molecular Signatures for Precision Medicine
Sarcomas are a diverse group of rare tumors arising from mesenchymal tissues, characterized by wide variations in their genetic and biological profiles. Despite advances in imaging and genomics, diagnosis and treatment planning for sarcoma remain challenging due to their heterogeneity. Radiogenomics, an emerging interdisciplinary field, aims to bridge this gap by linking imaging features with underlying molecular and genomic alterations. This approach enables non-invasive assessment of tumor biology, potentially improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction. In sarcomas, radiogenomic analysis can help identify genetic mutations, molecular subtypes, and therapeutic targets using routine imaging modalities such as MRI or CT scans. This review highlights current research trends, key findings, and future directions in radiogenomics of sarcoma, emphasizing its role in advancing precision medicine. By integrating imaging and genomic data, radiogenomics holds promise for more personalized, accurate, and less invasive management of sarcoma patients.
Sarcoma, Radiogenomics, Precision Medicine, Imaging Biomarkers, Genomic Signatures, Artificial Intelligence, Non-invasive Diagnosis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Ganesh Sonawane, Siddhi Bhamare, Kajal Pansare, Pooja Sonawane, Deepak Sonawane, Sunil Mahajan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
AI Meets Molecular Dynamics - A New Era for Virtual Screening
Over the past two decades, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have transitioned from a niche computational tool to a mainstream pillar of modern drug discovery. Today, the accelerating convergence of MD with machine learning, enhanced sampling methods, and experimental structural biology is reshaping the way we identify, refine, and validate drug candidates. A particularly exciting development is the application of enhanced sampling MD to capture the elusive conformational changes of proteins and ligands. While static crystallographic snapshots provide invaluable insights, they often miss hidden allosteric pockets or transient binding pathways. Approaches such as Gaussian accelerated MD, metadynamics, and adaptive sampling now allow researchers to routinely explore events occurring on millisecond timescales, uncovering cryptic binding sites that could not be revealed otherwise. These hidden sites have become fertile ground for the design of allosteric modulators, a rapidly growing class of drugs offering improved selectivity and reduced resistance. Equally transformative is the integration of alchemical free energy calculations into drug discovery pipelines. Once considered computationally prohibitive, Free Energy Perturbation (FEP) methods are now being applied at scale to guide medicinal chemistry decisions with near-experimental accuracy. The combination of GPU acceleration and artificial intelligence has dramatically lowered computational barriers, allowing for the systematic evaluation of hundreds of ligands in days rather than months. MD is also playing a pivotal role in membrane protein drug discovery, particularly for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which remain the targets of more than one-third of approved drugs. Long-timescale simulations reveal how lipid composition influences ligand binding and receptor activation, offering new routes to rational drug design. Moreover, the synergy between cryo-electron microscopy, AlphaFold-predicted structures, and MD-based refinement is enabling unprecedented resolution in modeling dynamic protein–drug complexes. Looking forward, the marriage of MD and AI promises to further transform the field. Machine learning–driven force fields, trained on quantum mechanical data, are delivering quantum-level accuracy at classical MD speed. When coupled with AI-guided ligand design, MD simulations are poised to create a feedback loop of prediction, simulation, and optimization that can dramatically shorten the drug discovery cycle. In sum, MD has moved far beyond its early role as a “visualization tool” and is now a predictive engine driving decision-making in pharma and academia alike. As computational power, algorithms, and AI converge, the vision of fully integrating MD into every stage of drug discovery — from hit identification to clinical candidate optimization — is becoming a tangible reality. The next generation of medicines will not only be tested in laboratories, but also designed, refined, and validated inside the computer.
Molecular Dynamics, Drug Discovery, Molecular Modeling
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Bandoo C. Chatale (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exosome-Inspired Nanovesicles for Drug Delivery: Emerging Strategies, Applications, and Future Perspectives
Exosomes are naturally secreted extracellular vesicles (30–150 nm) with unique potential as drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility, stability, and innate targeting ability. However, clinical application of natural exosomes remains limited by challenges in scalability, heterogeneity, and regulatory approval. To overcome these limitations, researchers have developed exosome-inspired nanovesicles (EINVs), which replicate exosomal structure and functionality while offering controllability, reproducibility, and scalability. EINVs can be fabricated using top-down (cell-derived), bottom-up (synthetic), or hybrid approaches, and can be engineered to deliver therapeutic cargo such as small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and vaccines. This review provides a detailed overview of EINVs, including their types, fabrication methods, cargo-loading strategies, therapeutic applications, and comparative advantages over natural exosomes. We also discuss challenges in reproducibility, immunogenicity, and regulatory pathways, before highlighting future research directions needed for clinical translation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sumedh Paralkar, Yogesh Date (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Integrative Ayurveda and Gut Microbiome Interventions: Toward Personalized Microbiome-Ayurveda Therapeutics
ABSTRACT The gut microbiome is now widely recognized as a central regulator of human health, influencing digestion, immunity, metabolism, and even neurobehavioral processes through the gut-brain axis. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medical system, has long emphasized digestion (Agni), personalized constitutions (Prakriti), and rejuvenation therapies (Rasayana) as key determinants of health and disease. In recent years, converging evidence has highlighted remarkable parallels between these traditional frameworks and microbiome science. Emerging studies suggest that Ayurvedic classifications such as Prakriti are associated with specific gut microbial signatures, while classical polyherbal formulations such as Triphala, Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), and Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) exert microbiome-modulating effects in animal models and early human trials. These interventions influence microbial composition, enhance short-chain fatty acid production, and regulate host immunity, providing mechanistic support for long-standing Ayurvedic claims of systemic benefits. This review synthesizes current knowledge linking Ayurveda with microbiome science, outlines mechanistic pathways, discusses translational opportunities in metabolic, gastrointestinal, and neuropsychiatric disorders, and highlights methodological challenges. Finally, it proposes a roadmap integrating Ayurvedic wisdom with multi-omics, computational biology, and precision medicine approaches to advance personalized microbiome-Ayurveda therapeutics.
Ayurveda, , Gut Microbiome, Prakriti, Trifala
Copyright (c) 2025 Parimal Bhandare (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FHIR-Powered Intelligence: Cloud and AI for Next-Gen Healthcare
Healthcare data has long been locked in silos—fragmented across electronic health records, registries, laboratories, and insurance systems. This fragmentation slows patient care, complicates compliance, and prevents the timely use of analytics. In the U.S., the adoption of FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) combined with cloud-native data architectures has begun to transform this reality, reducing onboarding time for new data sources, enabling real-time dashboards, and powering AI-ready datasets. Drawing from my experience leading end-to-end healthcare data platforms, this paper presents an architectural approach to unifying disparate healthcare datasets into a FHIR-native clinical data repository deployed on Google Cloud Platform. I illustrate implementation through concrete use cases—preventive screening, immunization compliance, and AI enablement—and share results that demonstrate reduced latency, compliance-by-design, and improved clinical impact. The analysis extends beyond the U.S. by examining India’s digital health journey, where national initiatives like the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) and National Health Claim Exchange (NHCX) are embedding FHIR at the core of a digital public good. By comparing U.S. and Indian contexts, I highlight both challenges and opportunities for scaling interoperability, compliance, and intelligence globally. The paper concludes by looking ahead to future directions—multimodal integration, federated learning, and cross-border health data exchange—positioning FHIR as the foundation for a new era of healthcare intelligence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Somnath Mahale (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FHIR as the Catalyst for Accelerating Data-to-Insight in Healthcare
Healthcare data is often locked in silos—spread across electronic health records (EHRs), registries, laboratories, and claims systems. This lack of interoperability slows down patient care, complicates compliance, and makes it difficult to generate timely insights. The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard, when combined with cloud-native data architectures, provides a path to unify these datasets into formats that are both auditable and analytics-ready. This paper examines how FHIR accelerates the data-to-insight cycle, drawing on practical implementations in the United States where registry onboarding times dropped from weeks to days, dashboards refreshed in under two seconds, and compliance audits passed with zero critical findings. Beyond technical efficiency, these systems supported preventive screening, immunization tracking, and machine-learning models for predictive care. The analysis also reflects on India’s Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) and National Health Claim Exchange (NHCX), where FHIR is being adopted at national scale. Together, these experiences suggest that FHIR can serve as the foundation for more interoperable, intelligent, and patient-centric healthcare systems worldwide.
Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Cream containing Dioscorea Bulbifera Linn
The proposed study focuses on formulating and evaluating a topical antimicrobial cream using Dioscorea bulbifera (tuber) extracts. Ethanolic extract was incorporated into creams and evaluated for pH, spreadability, viscosity, and stability. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the agar well diffusion method against microbes from natural sources like nail dirt and acne pus, along with standard strains. The ethanolic extract-based cream showed stronger antimicrobial activity, especially against nail and acne bacterial cultured sample, indicating its greater potential for treating skin infections.
Dioscorea bulbifera, Antibacterial, herbal Cream
Copyright (c) 2025 Insights of Pharmatech
Smart Pills in Pharmacy: Monitoring Adherence and Drug Response Through Ingestible Tech
Smart pills, or ingestible sensors, represent a transformative innovation in pharmaceutical care by enabling real-time monitoring of patient adherence and physiological responses to medications. This review explores the development, mechanisms, applications, and challenges of smart pill technology, with a focus on its role in enhancing medication adherence, optimizing therapeutic outcomes, and integrating with digital health ecosystems. The paper also discusses regulatory, ethical, and economic considerations, while highlighting future directions for clinical implementation.
Smart Pills, Medication Adherence, Ingestible Sensors, Digital Health Technology, Personalized Medicine
The pharmaceutical industry stands at the precipice of a technological revolution, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerging as a cornerstone of innovation in drug product development. From accelerating discovery to optimizing manufacturing, AI is reshaping how we approach semisolid, solid, and liquid dosage forms. Its ability to analyze vast datasets, predict outcomes, and automate complex processes addresses longstanding challenges in efficiency, cost, and precision. For the pharmaceutical research community, embracing AI is no longer optional— it is imperative to stay competitive and deliver transformative therapies to patients. Current Scenario Today, AI is making significant strides across all phases of drug development: · Drug Discovery: AI-powered platforms predict protein structures with unprecedented accuracy, reducing the time and cost of target identification. Generative AI designs novel molecules, expanding the chemical space for potential therapeutics. · Formulation Development: Machine learning models optimize excipient selection and predict stability, particularly for complex semisolid formulations. For instance, AI has reduced rheology optimization time for creams and ointments significantly. · Manufacturing: AI-driven Process Analytical Technology (PAT) ensures real-time quality control, minimizing batch failures and waste. Digital twins simulate production processes, enabling proactive adjustments and scalability. Despite these advancements, challenges persist. Data fragmentation, regulatory uncertainty, and ethical concerns such as bias in training datasets hinder widespread adoption. Additionally, the integration of AI into traditional workflows requires significant investment and cultural shifts within organizations. Expert Opinion As someone deeply immersed in this field, I believe AI’s potential lies in its ability to bridge gaps between siloed stages of drug development. For example, predictive modeling can link early-stage discovery to clinical outcomes, reducing late-stage attrition. However, to fully realize this potential, the industry must prioritize: · Collaboration: Open-source datasets and shared benchmarks will accelerate innovation. · Regulatory Alignment: Clear guidelines for AI validation and transparency are needed to ensure compliance and build trust. · Ethical Frameworks: Addressing biases in AI models, especially for diverse patient populations, is critical to equitable healthcare. Promising areas for future exploration include personalized medicine, where AI tailors formulations to individual patient profiles, and quantum computing, which could revolutionize molecular modeling. The convergence of AI with emerging technologies like 3D printing and microbiome analysis also presents exciting opportunities. The integration of AI into pharmaceutical drug product development is a game-changer, offering unparalleled opportunities for efficiency and innovation. While challenges remain, the collective efforts of researchers, industry leaders, and regulators can overcome these barriers. Let this editorial serve as a call to action: invest in AI, foster collaboration, and embrace a future where technology and science unite to deliver better therapies faster. The journey has just begun, and the possibilities are limitless. · Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. 2022 Sep 1;25(11):1818-37. · Journal of Drug Discovery and Health Sciences. 2024 Sep 25;1(03):138-45. Dr. Om Sambhaji Shelke Sinomune Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu, China-214104.
Managing Polypharmacy in Geriatric Patients: The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in Deprescribing
Older adults frequently manage several chronic conditions simultaneously, which often results in the use of multiple medications, commonly referred to as polypharmacy. While some medications are necessary, excessive or inappropriate drug use increases the risk of adverse drug events, hospitalizations, cognitive decline, and decreased quality of life. Deprescribing, a clinical strategy focused on tapering or discontinuing unnecessary medications, has emerged as a critical approach to reducing the negative effects of polypharmacy. Clinical pharmacists, owing to their specialized training in medication management, are ideally suited to lead and support deprescribing initiatives. This review explores the causes and consequences of polypharmacy in the elderly, outlines the process of deprescribing, and highlights the pharmacist’s role in promoting safer, more effective medication use among older adults.
Long-Acting Injectable and Implantable Dosage Forms: A Paradigm Shift in Chronic Disease Therapy
The global burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes, HIV, schizophrenia, and hormonal imbalances continues to grow, placing immense pressure on healthcare systems and patients alike. Traditional oral or short-acting parenteral therapies are often hindered by poor adherence, leading to suboptimal outcomes, resistance development, and increased morbidity. Long-acting injectable and implantable dosage forms offer a transformative approach to overcoming these limitations. By providing sustained therapeutic effects over extended periods, these delivery systems represent a significant advancement in chronic disease management. This review explores the principles, mechanisms, clinical applications, benefits, limitations, and future potential of these advanced drug delivery platforms
Advances and Challenges in Buccal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Mucoadhesive Technologies, Novel Formulations, and Clinical Applications
Buccal drug delivery offers a non-invasive route that bypasses first-pass metabolism and enhances patient compliance. This review highlights recent progress in mucoadhesive polymers, including both traditional and stimuli-responsive materials that improve drug retention and controlled release. Various dosage forms such as tablets, films, sprays, and advanced systems like microneedles and nanofibers are examined for their design and clinical potential. Nanocarrier integration has expanded buccal delivery to include peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Key challenges—such as enzymatic degradation, limited permeability, and patient adherence—are discussed alongside regulatory and market considerations. Future directions point toward smart, personalized systems and AI-driven formulation strategies.
Buccal drug delivery, Mucoadhesive polymers, Nanocarriers, Smart drug delivery systems, Controlled release
Recent Trends in Gene Therapy for Treatment of Diseases, Disorders and Conditions
Utilizing developments in genetic engineering and molecular biology, gene therapy has become a great method for treating illnesses. By adding, deleting, or changing genetic material inside a patient's cells, this treatment seeks to address the underlying causes of illness. Many vectors, including viral and non-viral systems, have been developed recently as a result of advancements in technology, improving the effectiveness and specificity of gene delivery. Gene therapy has been a significant advancement in treatment of various disease, disorders and conditions, but its full potential has yet to be realized in clinical settings. Despite various gene modulation approaches, delivering these to cells and tissues remains a challenge. Nanomedicine has developed innovative platforms, primarily focusing on nanoparticles, to overcome this obstacle. This review focuses on approaches of using such gene mutants, or modifications in genetic materials of organism and this could be used for treatment of various hereditary, acquired diseases, disorders and conditions.
Gene therapy, Advanced Gene Editing Technologies, Therapeutic Applications, clinical trials, genome, mutation, replication, advanced therapy.
NA origami is a novel and promising approach for drug delivery, utilizing the unique properties of DNA nanostructures to enhance therapeutic precision and efficacy. This review explores the principles of DNA origami, its advantages in drug delivery, recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives. The ability to design DNA nanostructures with high specificity and controlled drug release makes this technique a revolutionary step in nanomedicine. With its biocompatibility, programmability, and ability to respond to specific biological stimuli, DNA origami has the potential to overcome many limitations of traditional drug delivery systems. Ongoing research aims to improve its stability, scalability, and clinical applicability, paving the way for its future integration into personalized medicine and targeted therapies.
Inaugural Editorial: Embracing The Future Of Pharmaceutical Technologies
It is with great enthusiasm and a profound sense of purpose that we present to you the inaugural issue of Insights of Pharmatech. This journal is a reflection of the dynamic convergence of pharmacy, technology, and innovation- a field that is reshaping healthcare and redefining the boundaries of possibility. Starting from the advancement in the formulation of drugs to the innovation of digital health care solutions, pharmacy and technology stand at a level that needs to be crucial than ever. The Insights of Pharmatech wants to act as the trigger for academics and industry professionals by becoming a platform where vibrant transformational ideas can be shared, breakthrough research, and insightful discussions take place. In this first issue, we present contributions that highlight the vast potential of emerging technologies in drug development, regulatory science, and patient-centered care. Our articles cover topics such as: Innovations in pharmaceutical formulations and delivery systems. Applications of AI and machine learning in drug discovery. Trends in regulatory frameworks and global compliance. The role of digital therapeutics in personalized medicine. We are proud to present a diverse range of perspectives from researchers, industry professionals, and thought leaders. It is our hope that these contributions will inspire collaboration, ignite curiosity, and pave the way for impactful developments in pharmaceutical technology. As we set out on this journey, we are committed to the highest standards of academic integrity and relevance. We invite you, our readers, contributors, and partners, to join us in shaping the future of pharmaceutical technologies. Your insights, feedback, and innovations will be invaluable in driving the journal's success. Let this first issue be the foundation of a community dedicated to progress, learning, and the betterment of healthcare for all. Together, let us explore, innovate, and redefine the possibilities of pharmacy and technology. Warm regards, Dr. Amol A. Kulkarni Editor-in-Chief Insights of Pharmatech
Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Oral Drug Delivery: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Prospects
Lipid-based nanocarriers have gained significant attention in oral drug delivery due to their ability to enhance solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs. Among these, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are widely explored for their controlled drug release, stability, and improved absorption via mechanisms such as lymphatic transport and mucus penetration. Recent advancements, including surface modifications (PEGylation), functionalization with bioadhesive ligands, and pH-sensitive lipid formulations, have further improved their performance. However, challenges related to stability, large-scale manufacturing, and regulatory approval remain critical barriers to clinical translation. Several lipid-based formulations have already entered clinical trials, demonstrating potential in treating cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases. Future research should focus on novel lipid excipients, personalized drug formulations, and advanced manufacturing techniques to facilitate the commercialization of these nanocarriers. This review highlights the latest advancements, challenges, and future prospects of lipid-based nanocarriers for efficient and patient-friendly oral drug delivery systems.
Development and Evaluation of Nasal Microsphere Formulations for Enhanced Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Lorazepam in Epilepsy
This study developed and evaluated lorazepam-loaded nasal microspheres using carbopol 934 and chitosan polymers to enhance nose-to-brain drug delivery for epilepsy treatment. Microspheres were formulated via spray-drying with particle sizes ideal for nasal administration (5–50 µm) and characterized for particle size, yield, drug content, and release profiles. Analytical techniques, including IR spectroscopy, DSC, and FESEM, confirmed drug stability, polymer compatibility, and morphology. Drug release studies showed high release percentages (93.59% for LCH3 and 93.16% for LC3), with quasi-Fickian diffusion kinetics. In vivo studies in rats demonstrated significantly higher brain drug concentrations for the optimized formulations, LCH3 (143.07%) and LC3 (150.70%), compared to pure lorazepam. These findings highlight the potential of nasal microspheres as an effective and patient-friendly approach for rapid brain-targeted drug delivery in epilepsy management.
New Frontiers In Immunotherapy For Cancer Treatment
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by leveraging the immune system's ability to target and eliminate cancer cells. This review explores the latest advancements in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, oncolytic viruses, and cancer vaccines. It also highlights the emerging role of natural killer (NK) cell therapy and discusses strategies to overcome challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and therapy-related toxicities. Additionally, the review emphasizes future directions in combination therapies, biomarker discovery, gene editing, and cost-effective solutions to improve accessibility. These innovations hold the potential to redefine cancer care, offering hope for improved survival and quality of life for patients worldwide.
Niosomes as an Effective Phytochemical Nanocarrier: A short review
Niosomes are a new class of nanocarrier systems for the delivery of phytochemicals made from biocompatible, stable, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic encapsulating non-ionic surface-active agents. This review looks at the role that niosomes can play in enhancing the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the phytochemicals, as well as how they can be used for the therapy of targeted and controlled drug delivery. Nanocarriers are membranes around cells or tissues composed of electronically neutral lipids that protrude from a biological cell membrane and serve to increase efficacy of natural resources. This review looks at the variety of advancements as well as challenges existing in the quest for integrating Phytochemicals using liposomal technology and the perspectives on the way forward in enhancing the efficacy of Phytochemicals through liposomes. These advances also aim at giving a better understanding of this novel drug delivery system
Niosomes, Method of Preparation, Phytochemicals
AI Frontiers in Cancer Discovery: Unveiling New Horizons in Precision Medicine
AI for Cancer Discovery" explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cancer research and treatment. It spotlight the capabilities of CHIEF, an advanced AI model that outperforms traditional diagnostic tools by accurately predicting cancer outcomes across various types. The paper discusses the significance of visual markers in tumor analysis, the impact of computational tools in genetics, and the potential of AI to personalize treatment strategies. By leveraging vast datasets and innovative algorithms, the research aims to enhance understanding, diagnosis, and management of cancer, ultimately improving patient outcomes and revolutionizing global cancer care.
Chromoblastomycosis: An Update On Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, And Diagnosis
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, subcutaneous fungal infection primarily caused by dematiaceous fungi, such as Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladophialophora carrionii. It presents as verrucous skin lesions and predominantly affects individuals in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly farmers and laborers. The disease progresses slowly, often leading to significant morbidity due to its complications, including secondary infections and potential squamous cell carcinoma. Diagnosis is challenging and typically involves direct microscopy, histopathology, culture techniques, and emerging molecular methods. Recent advancements in diagnostic tools, such as next-generation sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS, offer promising avenues for improving early detection and species identification. Despite these advances, gaps remain in our understanding of the fungal pathogenesis, immune response, and host-pathogen interaction. This review discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and recent advances in the management of chromoblastomycosis. The need for further research, novel diagnostic tools, and global surveillance systems to enhance patient outcomes is emphasized.
Chromoblastomycosis, dematiaceous fungi, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Cladophialophora carrionii, skin lesions, fungal infections